Cryptography Basics
Minimal Cyber Lab
Pick a technique to learn its definition, real use case, and interactive demo.
Caesar Cipher
A substitution cipher that shifts each alphabet letter by a fixed number of positions.
Open demoEncryptionVigenere Cipher
A polyalphabetic cipher where each letter is shifted based on a repeating keyword.
Open demoEncryptionROT13
A letter substitution method where each alphabet letter is shifted by 13 positions.
Open demoEncryptionXOR Cipher (Demo Key)
XOR cipher combines each text byte with a key byte using XOR and can be reversed with the same key.
Open demoEncodingBase64 Encode/Decode
Base64 converts binary data into readable ASCII text using a 64-character alphabet.
Open demoHashingSHA-256 Hash
A one-way cryptographic hash function that produces a fixed 256-bit fingerprint.
Open demo